Introduction: Adequate intake of prenatal supplements—such as folic acid, iron, and multivitamins—plays a vital role in preventing maternal and fetal complications. However, various factors may influence adherence to these supplements. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and healthcare-related factors associated with prenatal supplement use among pregnant women attending comprehensive health centers in southern Tehran.
Methodology: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among 104 pregnant women in their second trimester. Participants were selected through Two-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire, which was validated for reliability and validity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate.
Findings: The majority of participants were Iranian (59.6%), homemakers (88.5%), and had completed secondary education (33.7%). The mean age of participants was 27.8 years (with a standard deviation of 3.9). The reported usage rates of folic acid, iron, and multivitamin supplements were 68.3%, 88.5%, and 90.4%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that folic acid intake was significantly associated with the woman’s or her spouse’s educational level, nationality, and regular attendance at prenatal care visits (P < 0.05). Other variables—including age, economic status, and medical history—showed no significant association with supplement use.
Conclusion: Social factors and access to healthcare services—particularly consistent engagement with prenatal care—are key predictors of prenatal supplement consumption. Educational and monitoring programs should specifically target non-Iranian women, those with low literacy, and those whose spouses have low educational attainment. Strengthening follow-up systems and routine antenatal care may further improve supplement adherence patterns.