Hakim Research Journal
تحقیقات نظام سلامت حکیم
Hakim
Medical Sciences
http://hakim.tums.ac.ir
33
journal33
2383-3742
2821-2010
doi
fa
jalali
1398
9
1
gregorian
2019
12
1
22
4
online
1
fulltext
fa
مطالعهی تطبیقی شفافیت عملکرد بیمارستانها در هشت کشور
Comparative Study of Hospitals’ Transparency in Eight Countries
عمومى
General
كاربردي
Applicable
<strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقدمه:</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"> <em>عدم</em></span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">تقارن اطلاعاتی در بازار سلامت، قدرت بیماران در انتخاب ارایه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">دهنده</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی خدمت را کاهش می</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">دهد. کشورها جهت افزایش تقارن اطلاعاتی، به سمت ارتقای شفافیت عمل</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">کرد خدمت</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">گزاران سلامت حرکت کرده</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">اند. مطالعه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی حاضر با هدف بررسی تطبیقی اقدامات کشورهای منتخب در این زمینه انجام شد.</span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"></span></span></strong><br>
<strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش کار:</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"> <em>در مطالعه</em></span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی تطبیقی حاضر، کشورها با کمک شاخص</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">های جهانی داده</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">باز و سنجه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی داده</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">باز انتخاب شدند. سپس با جستجوی کلیدواژه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">هایی چون ابزار مقایسه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی بیمارستان</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ها به وبسایت دیگر کشورها دست</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">رسی حاصل شد. در نهایت، اجزای این پایگاه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ها از جمله شاخص</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">های انتشار اطلاعات و نوع مالکیت و سازمان</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">دهی آنها با یک</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">دیگر مقایسه شد.</span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"></span></span></strong><br>
<strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافته</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها:</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"> <em>پایگاه</em></span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">های شفافیت هشت کشور جهت بررسی بیش</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">تر انتخاب شد. تعداد شاخص</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ها برای مقایسه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی بیمارستان</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ها از 17 شاخص در استرالیا تا 195 شاخص در انگلستان متفاوت بود. نوع شاخص</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ها نیز شامل مواردی چون تعداد مراجعات، زمان انتظار، طول اقامت، رضایت بیماران، رضایت کارکنان، پیامدهای درمان، کنترل عفونت و هزینه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">ی خدمات بود. به</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">طور</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">کلی هر کشور بر اساس نیازها و محدودیت</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;">های نظام سلامت خود، اقدام به انتشار اطلاعات کرده بود.</span></span></em></strong><br>
<strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتیجه</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گیری:</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> <em>با افزایش آگاهی عمومی، کشورها به سمت ارتقای شفافیت عمل</em></span></span></span></span><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کرد از جمله در بخش سلامت حرکت کرده و دولت</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها نقش اصلی را در ایجاد زیرساخت</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های شفافیت داشته</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اند. این زیرساخت</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها از حمایت</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های سیاسی و قانونی تا تولید، گردآوری و انتشار داده</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها را شامل می</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شود. از این رو توصیه می</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شود سیاست</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گذاران کشور با بهره</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گیری از تجارب جهانی و توجه به اقتضائات داخلی، گام</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گام در این مسیر حرکت نمایند.</span></span></span></span></em></strong>
<span style="color:#3498db;"><strong>Comparative Study of Hospitals’ Transparency in Eight Countries</strong></span><br>
Hossein Bouzarjomehri<sup>1</sup>, Ali Akbari-Sari<sup>2*</sup>, Ebrahim Jafari-Pooyan<sup>3</sup>, Yasaman Herandi<sup>4</sup>, Soheila Rajaie<sup>5</sup><br>
<em><sup>1</sup></em><em>M.Sc. in Healthcare Management, Health Economics and Management Group, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</em><br>
<em><sup>2</sup></em><em>Professor, Ph.D. in Healthcare Management & Health Policy, Health Economics and Management Group, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</em><br>
<em><sup>3</sup></em><em>Associate Professor, Ph.D. in Healthcare Management, Health Economics and Management Group, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</em><br>
<em><sup>4</sup></em><em>Pharm.D., Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</em><br>
<em><sup>5</sup></em><em>M.Sc. Student in Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</em><br>
<span style="color:#3498db;"><strong>Abstract</strong></span><br>
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Information asymmetry leads to less informed patients in choosing healthcare providers. Therefore, countries have moved forward to increase providers’ transparency, information symmetry and patients’ power. This study was designed to compare countries’ experiences about hospitals’ transparency.<br>
<strong>Methods: </strong>The list of countries in this comparative study was prepared with the help of the Global Open Data Index and Open Data Barometer. Searching for official websites with keywords like “hospital transparency” and “hospital comparing tool,” the final websites were obtained. Finally, indicators and types of organization of these websites were compared.<br>
<strong>Results:</strong> Websites from eight countries were selected. The number of indicators for comparing hospitals was variable, from 17 in Australia to 195 in the UK. Type of indicators could be categorized into several groups, including waiting times, length of stay, patients’ experience, staff’s experience, treatment outcomes, infection control, and price of care. Studied experiences showed that countries developed hospitals’ transparency due to their needs and limitations. Some countries like the UK and the US were pioneers but there is a global trend to develop transparency in the health system.<br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> By increasing public awareness, governments moved forward to develop transparency and the health sector was not an exception. Although private companies and startups are engaged in these innovations, governments have the main role to build the legal, political, and data infrastructures. Therefore, it is recommended that Iranian policymakers and politicians develop transparency of hospitals and health systems gradually using global experiences and considering domestic conditions and capacities.<br>
<strong>Keywords: </strong>Transparency; Access to Information; Choice Behavior; Public Reporting; Information Symmetry; Hospital
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:720px;height:72px;"><span style="color:#3498db;"><strong>Please cite this article as follows:</strong></span><br>
Bouzarjomehri H, Akbari-Sari A, Jafari-Pooyan E, Herandi Y, Rajaie S. Comparative study of hospitals’ transparency in eight countries. Hakim Health Sys Res. 2019; 22(4): 273-283.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br clear="ALL" >
*<strong>Corresponding Author: </strong>Department of Health Management and Economics, 4th Floor, New Building, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2188989128, Fax: +98-2188989129, Email: akbarisari@tums.ac.ir
شفافیت, دسترسی آزاد به اطلاعات, انتخاب بیمار, انتشار اطلاعات, تقارن اطلاعاتی, بیمارستان
Transparency, Access to Information, Choice Behavior, Public Reporting, Information Symmetry, Hospital
273
283
http://hakim.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1513-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Hossein
Bouzarjomehri
حسین
بوذرجمهری
h.bouzarjomehri@gmail.com