Hakim Research Journal
تحقیقات نظام سلامت حکیم
Hakim
Medical Sciences
http://hakim.tums.ac.ir
33
journal33
2383-3742
2821-2010
doi
fa
jalali
1398
7
1
gregorian
2019
10
1
22
3
online
1
fulltext
fa
ارزیابی خطر سرطانزایی و غیرسرطانزایی تعدادی از فلزات سنگین در اثر مصرف کشمش تولیدی شهر ملایر
Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Due to Consumption of Raisin Produced in Malayer City
عمومى
General
پژوهشی
Original
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><span style="font-family:b roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقدمه:</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="color:#0000FF;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"> </span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><em>آلودگی محصولات کشاورزی به فلزات سنگین، یکی از خطرات جدی تهدیدکننده</em></span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">ی سلامت مصرف</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">کنندگان است؛ به</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">طوری که برخی از این عناصر خاصیت سرطان</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">زایی داشته و بعضی دیگر باعث آسیب به اندام</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">های مختلف بدن می</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">شوند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین خطر سرطان</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">زایی و غیرسرطان</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">زایی تعدادی از فلزات سنگین به</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">دنبال مصرف کشمش شهر ملایر انجام گرفت.</span></span></em></strong><br>
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><span style="font-family:b roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش کار:</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"> <em>جهت انجام مطالعه</em></span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">ی حاضر، تعداد 50 نمونه از کشمش</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">های سلطانی</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">13)</span></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">نمونه</span></span></em></strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">Sultanu</span></span></span></em><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">) (</span></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">)، طلایی (12 نمونه)، سایه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">خشک (13 نمونه) و آفتاب</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">خشک (12 نمونه) تولید شده به روش سنتی و صنعتی تهیه و میزان فلزات سنگین کادمیوم، سرب، نیکل، مس، روی و آرسنیک موجود در آن</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">ها به روش</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"> جذب اتمی اسپکتروفتومتری با کوره گرافیتی اندازه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">گیری و نتایج، تحلیل و بررسی گردید. ارزیابی کمی ریسک با استفاده از روش سازمان حفاظت محیط</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">زیست آمریکا صورت گرفت.</span></span></em></strong><br>
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><span style="font-family:b roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافته</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها:</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"> <em>بر اساس یافته</em></span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">های به</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">دست آمده، میانگین غلظت آرسنیک، مس و نیکل در نمونه</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">های کشمش به ترتیب 06/0</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">±</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">17/0 (مقدار مجاز 1/0)، 09/0</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">±</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">07/3 (مقدار مجاز 3/0) و</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">0/99 </span></span></span></em></strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">mg/kg</span></span></span></em><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">±</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">72/4 (مقدار مجاز 5/0) بود. بالاترین غلظت میانگین فلزات سنگین مربوط به کشمش</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">های سلطانی و طلایی بود. بالاترین میزان جذب روزانه</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"> (</span></span></em><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">EDI</span></span></span></em><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">، نسبت خطر غیرسرطانی</span></span></em></strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"> (</span></span></em><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">THQ</span></span></span></em><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"> و ریسک سرطان</span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;">زایی</span></span></em></strong> <em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">(</span></span></em><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">CR</span></span></span></em><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">)</span></span></em><strong><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"> به عنصر نیکل تعلق داشت.</span></span></em></strong><br>
<strong><span style="color:#0000FF;"><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتیجه</span></span></span><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b roya;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گیری:</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> <em>براساس یافته</em></span></span></span></span><em><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها، میانگین غلظت عناصر آرسنیک، مس و نیکل در نمونه</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های کشمش بالاتر از حد مجاز توصیه</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده توسط کمیسیون مشترک سازمان جهانی بهداشت و فائو</span></span></span></span></em></strong><em><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> (</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">FAO/WHO<span dir="RTL">)</span></span></span></span><strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> بود. میزان </span></span></span></span></strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">EDI</span></span></span><strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> تمامی عناصر در تمامی نمونه</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها </span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کم</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تر از مقادیر قابل</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحمل روزانه</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی موقت پیش</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نهاد شده توسط </span></span></span></span></strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">FAO</span></span></span><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">/</span></span></span></strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">WHO</span></span></span><strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> برای افزودنی</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های مواد غذایی </span></span></span></span></strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">(</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">JECFA<span dir="RTL">)</span></span></span></span><strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و موسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران بود؛ در نتیجه، مصرف آن</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها در دراز</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مدت اثرات غیرسرطان</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زایی خاصی برای مصرف</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کننده ایجاد نمی</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کند، در حالی</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که می</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تواند اثرات سرطان</span></span></span></span><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زایی داشته باشد.</span></span></span></span></strong></em>
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong>Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Due to Consumption of Raisin Produced in Malayer City</strong></span><br>
Eisa solgi<sup>1</sup>*, Tarokh khodadadi<sup>2</sup><br>
<em><sup>1</sup></em><em>Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment,<br>
Malayer University </em><br>
<em><sup>2</sup></em><em>Ph.D. Student of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment,<br>
Malayer University </em><br>
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong>Abstract </strong><br>
<strong>Introduction:</strong></span> The contamination of agricultural products to heavy metals possesses one of the serious health hazards to consumers, as some of these elements have carcinogenic properties and others can cause damage to various organs of the human body.<br>
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of some heavy metals due to the consumption of raisin produced in Malayer city.<br>
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong>Methods: </strong></span>For the purpose of this study, 50 raisin samples including Sultanu raisin (13 samples), Golden raisin (12 samples), Shade-dried raisin (13 samples), and Sun-dried raisin (12 samples) were collected from industrially and traditionally produced raisin. Then, heavy metals including cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, zinc, and arsenic were measured in the samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The quantitative risk assessment was conducted based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency method.<br>
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong>Results:</strong></span> According to the obtained results, the mean concentrations of arsenic, copper, and nickel in raisin samples were 0.17 ± 0.06 (accepted level 0.1), 3.07 ± 0.09 (accepted level 0.3), and 4.72 ± 0.99 (accepted level 0.5) mg/kg. The highest average concentration of heavy metals was related to Sultanu and Golden raisins. The highest estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) belonged to the nickel element.<br>
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> </span>The results showed that the mean concentrations of As, Ni, and Cu in raisin samples were higher than the level recommended by the FAO/WHO. The EDI level of all elements in all types of raisin was less than the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) proposed by the FAO/WHO and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the Iranian Institute for Standard and Industrial Research (IRIS). Thus, their long-term uses do not have any specific non-carcinogenic effect on consumers while they can possess carcinogenic effects.<br>
<span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong>Keywords:</strong></span> Heavy Metals; Raisin; Malayer City; Cancer Risk; Contamination; EDI<br>
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<td style="width:720px;height:72px;"><span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong>Please cite this article as follows:</strong></span><br>
Solgi E, Khodadadi T. Evaluation of Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Due to Consumption of Produced Raisin in Malayer City. Hakim Health Sys Res. 2019; 22(3): 199-211.</td>
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<span style="color:#0000FF;">*<strong>Corresponding Author: </strong></span>Associated Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, 4th Kilometer of Malayer-Arak Rd., Malayer, Iran. Tel: +98-8133339841, Fax: +98-8133339844, Email: e.solgi@yahoo.com<br>
فلزات سنگین, کشمش, شهر ملایر, ریسک سرطان, مقدار جذب روزانه
Heavy Metals, Raisin, Malayer City, Cancer Risk, Contamination, EDI
199
211
http://hakim.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-855-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Eisa
Solgi
عیسی
سلگی
e.solgi@yahoo.com