Introduction: Although electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has been introduced as an alternative to conventional tobacco smoking, it still contains nicotine and other harmful chemicals that can cause respiratory and cardiovascular damage, chronic inflammation, and nicotine dependence. This study aimed to investigate the impact of e-cigarette use on human health.
Methods: This study was conducted as a scoping review. Relevant evidence was collected using a systematic search strategy and appropriate keywords. Studies published between 2010 and 2024 that examined the health effects of e-cigarette use as well as the related challenges and opportunities were analyzed and evaluated.
Findings:  The use of e-cigarettes has multiple health effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure, reproductive disorders, inflammation and lung damage, and mental health issues such as depression and a higher likelihood of substance use among adolescents. These devices contain toxic substances and heavy metals that may cause cellular damage, immune system suppression, and poisoning, particularly in children. Although e-cigarettes may assist some individuals in quitting traditional smoking, there is insufficient evidence regarding their long-term safety and effectiveness. Gradual nicotine reduction remains the recommended cessation strategy.
Conclusion: Considering the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on human health and the addictive potential of nicotine, it is recommended that safer and evidence-based alternatives such as nicotine patches, gum, or sprays be used for smoking cessation.